Complications of Gallstones: What You Should Know

Gallstones are small, stone-like substances that form in the gallbladder—a small organ under your liver that helps digest fat. Many people with gallstones don’t experience symptoms. But in some cases, these stones can lead to serious complications.

1. Gallbladder Inflammation (Cholecystitis)

When a gallstone blocks the flow of bile, it can cause the gallbladder to become swollen and inflamed. This condition is called acute cholecystitis. It often causes sudden pain in the upper right abdomen, fever, nausea, and tenderness. If untreated, it can lead to infection or damage to the gallbladder wall (Necrotising Cholecystitis.)

2. Blocked Bile Duct (Choledocholithiasis)

Sometimes, gallstones can travel into and block the common bile duct, which carries bile from the liver and gallbladder into the small intestine. This can cause jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and pale stools. It may also lead to serious infections like cholangitis, a life-threatening condition.

3. Inflammation of the Pancreas (Biliary Pancreatitis)

If a gallstone blocks the duct that drains the pancreas, it can cause pancreatitis, a painful and potentially dangerous inflammation of the pancreas. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever. Biliary pancreatitis often requires hospital care.

4. Gallbladder Infection or Abscess (Empyema)

Blocked bile can cause bacteria to grow inside the gallbladder, leading to infection or even a pus-filled abscess. This is a medical emergency and needs prompt treatment, sometimes including surgery.

5. Gallbladder Rupture

In rare cases, untreated inflammation or infection can cause the gallbladder to burst. This can lead to widespread infection in the abdomen and is a life-threatening situation that requires emergency surgery.

When to Seek Help

If you experience sudden or severe abdominal pain, especially in the upper right or middle part of your abdomen, along with fever, nausea, or jaundice, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately.

Gallstones can be managed effectively, especially when diagnosed early. If you have symptoms or a history of gallstones, talk to your doctor about the best treatment options for you.