Understanding GERD: A Guide for Patients

What is GERD?

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, the tube connecting your mouth to your stomach. This happens when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscle that acts like a valve, weakens or relaxes, causing discomfort.

Symptoms

Common signs include:

• Heartburn: Burning in the chest, often after meals or at night.

• Regurgitation: Sour or bitter taste in the mouth.

• Trouble swallowing: Feeling like food is stuck.

• Cough or hoarseness: From acid irritating the throat.

If symptoms occur more than twice a week, see a doctor.

Causes

GERD can be triggered by:

• Foods: Spicy, fatty, acidic foods, caffeine, or alcohol.

• Habits: Eating large meals, lying down soon after eating, or smoking.

• Conditions: Obesity, pregnancy, or hiatal hernia.

Managing GERD

Management of GERD

You can control GERD with simple changes and, if needed, medications:

• Diet: Avoid trigger foods, eat smaller meals, and don’t eat 2-3 hours before bed.

• Lifestyle: Maintain a healthy weight, quit smoking, and elevate your head during sleep (6-8 inches).

• Medications: Antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors can reduce acid. Follow your doctor’s advice.

In rare cases, surgery may be an option for severe GERD.

When to Get Help

Seek medical care if you have:

• Persistent or worsening symptoms.

• Difficulty or pain when swallowing.

• Unexplained weight loss.

• Chest pain (rule out heart issues—seek emergency care if severe).

Why It Matters

Untreated GERD can lead to complications like esophageal inflammation, scarring, or a higher risk of esophageal cancer. Track your symptoms, avoid triggers, and work with your doctor to manage GERD effectively.

For more details, talk to your healthcare provider.